Demand in Europe is bouncing back as a second wave of lockdowns eases and Asia continues to pull in huge volumes of crude
Brent crude topped $50 (€41) a barrel last week for the first time since March, a milestone for an oil market that’s been grinding its way back out of a deep slump for months.
Things aren’t back to normal yet, but the positive signals are proliferating.
The enormous glut of fuel that accumulated this year on everything from tiny barges to giant supertankers is being steadily depleted.
While the coronavirus pandemic is worse than ever in the US, demand in Europe is bouncing back as a second wave of lockdowns eases and Asia continues to pull in huge volumes of crude.
But there’s more to this than a realignment of supply and demand – huge financial flows are also driving the price rally.
In a world that’s expecting to see travel recover sharply next year, crude has become a hot Covid-vaccine trade.
Oil is the cheapest of all reflation assets, said Amrita Sen, co-founder of London-based consultant Energy Aspects Ltd. With vaccines slowly rolling out, we expect investors to start returning to the oil sector and for prices to continue firming.
In some corners of the world, the recovery in demand is almost complete. India’s largest refiner said last week its plants are processing at full capacity and it’s expecting a V-shaped rebound in fuel use.
Consumption of gasoline is also at or near pre-Covid levels in China and Japan, the world’s second and fourth biggest oil consumers.
European motorists are hitting the roads again as governments relax national lockdowns in countries including the UK, Spain, and France, according to an index of road usage and traffic compiled by Bloomberg News.
Road freight is sharply higher as companies rebuild inventories and the Christmas shopping season gets in full swing.
As demand is recovering, the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies are keeping tight limits on production.
The group cancelled January’s 1.9-million-barrel-a-day supply hike and will instead add no more than 500,000 barrels a day to the market each month in the new year. Estimates for US shale oil output are still falling.
Cargoes of crude are changing hands at higher prices from the North Sea to the US shale heartland of Midland, Texas as consumers trawl the globe for extra supplies.
Saudi Arabia raised the cost of its oil for Asia – a benchmark for the world’s refiners – by the most since August last week.
A more subtle shift in the market has also got traders excited.
For most of December, nearby crude futures have been trading at a premium to later-dated ones, a price structure known as backwardation.
That buying of contracts at the front of the so-called price curve is evidence that managed money is flowing into the market, Eagle Commodities said in a note.
The steeper the backwardation, the greater the return from holding futures from one month into the next, which encourages further buying in a “self-reinforcing cycle”, the brokerage said.
